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Prophetic biography
Al-sīra al-Nabawiyya (''Prophetic biography''〔(アラビア語:السيرة النبوية)〕), Sīrat Rasūl Allāh (''Life of the Messenger of God''〔(アラビア語:سيرة رسول الله)〕), or just Al-sīra, is the Arabic term used for the various traditional Muslim biographies of Muhammad from which, in addition to the Quran and Hadith, most historical information about his life and the early period of Islam is derived.
==Etymology==
In the Arabic language the word ''sīra'' or ''sīrat'' ((アラビア語: سيرة)) comes from the verb ''sāra'' (Present tense: ''yasīru''), which means to travel or to be on a journey. A person's ''sīra'' is that person’s journey through life, or biography, encompassing their birth, events in their life, manners and characteristics, and their death. In modern usage it may also refer to a person's resume. It is sometimes written as "seera", "sirah" or "sirat", all meaning "life" or "journey". In Islamic literature, the plural form, ''siyar'', could also refer to the rules of war and dealing with non-Muslims.
The phrase ''sīrat rasūl allāh'', or ''al-sīra al-nabawiyya'', refers to the study of the life of Muhammad. The term ''sīra'' was first linked to the biography of Muhammad by Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri, and later popularized by the work of Ibn Hisham. In the first two centuries of Islamic history, sīra was more commonly known as ''maghāzī'' (literally, stories of military expeditions), which is now considered to be only a subset of sīra.〔
Early works of sīra consist of multiple historical reports, or ''akhbār'', and each report is called a ''khabar''. Sometimes the word ''tradition'' or ''hadith'' is used instead.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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